The Main Turning Points in the Modern History of the Middle East and their Impact on the Region

The primary goal of this paper is to provide the sufficient analysis of the turning points in the history of the Middle East and explain their effect on the development of the region. Following the historical flow of events allows determine the reasons for the potential actions and the ability to understand the future of the Middle East. The first turning point is the â€Å"Palestinian issue†, which lead to the establishment of the Palestinian state.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Main Turning Points in the Modern History of the Middle East and their Impact on the Region specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Nonetheless, despite having the opposing opinions, Palestinians and Israelis were able to find time for the negotiations and resolve the existing problem between two nations. Nonetheless, the problem tends to exist despite introducing the dialogue between two countries related to the establishment of p eace (Kronish 88). In this instance, no solution was found due to the controversial opinions about the right solution, as the participants tend to pursue different goals. It could be said that the collapse of USSR was the second turning point in the history of Israel, as it dramatically affect the flow of events in different spheres in different spheres of the country. As for its contribution to the development of Israel, this era increased the population of the Jews due to the cultivation of the positive thinking towards Jews’ migration. Moreover, the collapse underlined the significance of the United States of America in the world. Another change agent is the relationship between Kuwait and Iraq. In this case, the United States of America liberated Kuwait and destroyed the Iraq’s social and economic infrastructures. This flow of events led to the popularity of Saddam Hussein and desire to liberate Palestine. In this instance, Saddam Hussein was one of the main figure s in the politics, which determined the formation of the particular attitude towards the Middle East countries (Cockburn and Cockburn 56). The global rise of terrorism due to the collapse of the USSR, leading positions of the Unites States of America in the military issues was another changing point in Israel and the politics of the Middle East. In this instance, it could be assumed that the actions of the United States define the presence of terrorism in the world. Supporting the political and repressive systems of the Middle East countries contributes to the desire to fight for the rights and have the absence of injustice with the assistance of aggression (Allison et. al par. 1). Furthermore, the tragedy, which occurred on September 11, 2009, in the United States of America, which involved the attacks of Pentagon and World Trade Center. In this instance, the planes were hijacked by the people from Saudi Arabia. These cruel actions contributed to the development the antiterrorist p olicies. Nonetheless, it is unclear whether this policy had a positive impact on the development of the international relationship, as it started the open war against the terrorism. It could be assumed that the negative attitude towards the terrorism was a driver for the presence of violent acts towards Israel by Palestinians. This particular fact led to the collapse of the Israeli government and necessity for reelections. The combination of the turning points, which are mentioned above, determined the attitudes towards particular religions in the world.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The elections of Obama as the president of the United States of America determined the political flow of actions and aimed towards finding a solution to the Israeli/Palestinian problem. In this instance, Obama actively contributes to the development of the particular solutions to the issue. Nonetheless, i t remains unclear whether his actions correspond with the interests of Israel and Palestine (McConnell 10). In turn, the globalization is another point, which determines the development of the Middle East. The existence of this approach proposed the belief that Muslim culture causes particular danger to Christianity and peace in the world. Another historical phenomenon is rapidly increasing the number of the nongovernmental organization. In this instance, this action contributed to the development of Al-Qaeda and cultivation of the prejudice against the Middle East relation to the correlation of terrorism and Muslim religion. Additionally, the continuous intervention of the other states, which are not located in the Middle East, contributed to the definition and establishment of the borders between the states. The presence of these views created the development of the Arab allies and its controversial actions towards Iraq. The external intervention was the primary driver for this ev ent due to the Iraq land being rich in the natural resources. Furthermore, the United Nations introduced the sanctions to change the position of Iraq in this conflict. These sanctions caused a significant damage to Iraq’s citizens. However, the primary goal was to weaken the position of Saddam Hussain and his influence in the world. The control of Iraq continued to exist due to the potential risks of production and distribution of the dangerous weapons. Another aspect is the desire of Turkey to become a member of the European Union. This feature was a primary driver for the development of the different policies, which emphasize the importance of human rights and relations. Changing and modifying of the laws, freedoms, rights, and policies brought Turkey closer to the standards, which are actively promoted by the European Union. Nonetheless, the establishment of the reforms and instability of the economic and political situation led to the domination of the Islamic party durin g the elections. This aspect identified the future ability of Turkey to become a part of the European Union, as the country’s leaders lack the ability to cultivate the trend towards the respect of the human rights. The influence of the NGOs cannot be underestimated due to their ability to drive significant attention to the refugees. Nonetheless, the wars in the Gulf States was the primary reason for the disparity during the oil distribution. In this instance, being rich in natural resources resulted in giving a significant share of the income to the countries such as Syria and Egypt.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Main Turning Points in the Modern History of the Middle East and their Impact on the Region specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this instance, the strong position of Kuwait was determined by the inability to find oil and other natural resources on time. This aspect determined the ability of Kuwait to remain undiscovered as a country with a high potential of the natural resources. The processes of liberalization and privatization in the 1980s determined the economic situation in the Middle East. In this instance, it remained evident that some of the countries will experience a significant economic downturn, and some of them gain particular profit from the operations. This aspect identifies the difficulties, which are associated with the following process, as the Middle East countries are highly dependent on the export of a single product. These economic aspects identify the flow of the events and introduction of the external sanctions and economic policies due to the necessity to maintain the situation in control. Although, it is clear that it is unclear how the financial resources can be distributed clearly. The Islamic politics continued to rise due to paying high attention to the terrorists. In this instance, Osama bin Laden was one of the critical figures in the cu ltivation of the necessity of training for the terrorists. Providing financial support for the development of bombs and other particular features. The United States of America contributed to the confrontation by bombing particular weapon factories. Nonetheless, the globalization of the terrorism took place, as Osama bin Laden developed the plan for the bombing the U.S. embassies around the world. These actions are the main causes for the activation of the terrorists in the modern world due to the strong opposition to the terrorist movement. Egypt also remained one of the common goals for the cultivation of Islamic traditionalism. Nonetheless, it could be said that this attitude was one of the crucial reasons for the development of the terroristic movements among Egyptians. Despite being highly criticized by the government of the United States of America, the problem was not taken into account and analyzed critically. This fact contributed to the development of the terroristic moveme nt and actions in the context of terrorism. In this case, the various terrorist groups tend to develop across the Middle East and Africa including such countries as Egypt (Laqueur 143).Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The occupation of Iraq by the American forces created confusion and caused a sequence of events, which formed the current state of the Middle East. The desire to build the democracy in Iraq and prevention of the future risks were the primary reason for the American intervention. However, despite having positive intentions, the active participation of the United States of America was a determinant of the jihadi movement development. This aspect created a significant confusion among the election of the parties and caused a massacre of the innocent people. Furthermore, this fact was a reason for the mobilization of the forces in Saudi Arabia and escalation of the conflict. The United States of America were actively training military forces of the Saudi Arabia, but the explosion continued its presence. Additionally, the political changes related to the presence of women in politics were questioned and Middle East countries including Oman, Kuwait, and the United Arab Emirates. In this in stance, the internationalization and constant intervention of the United States of America contributed to the change of attitudes and presence of the different social roles. Nonetheless, the ability to understand the importance of the women’s civil rights and freedoms in politics (Al-Sabah 133). The influence of the democratic nature of the West cannot be unnoticed in this case. However, the difference in mindset and attitudes cannot modify the commonly accepted principles, which are supported by the religion in the Middle East. In turn, the active sanctions of the United States of America prevented Iran from building its infrastructure and establishing military force. Nonetheless, the Iranians were able to reach the international community by convincing investing in the gas and oil industries. The actions were not successful, and the dysfunction of the economy was defined by the sanctions. In turn, any propaganda of the freedom of thinking and portrayal of other political ex pressions was aggressively prohibited. The presence of these policies questioned the abilities of the political leaders to have a right decision-making. In this instance, the United Nations continued to pose the sanctions to Iran to avoid the potentially risky and dangerous consequences. Nonetheless, the question between Israelis and Palestinians continued to rise, and the election of Barak was one of the potential aspects, which defined the decision. In this instance, the relationships of Israel with the United States of America contributed to finding the solution to the issue and defining the potential interests of all countries. Nonetheless, Syria was also involved in the conflict due to its vehement connection to the first Gulf War. Nonetheless, the United States of America developed a relationship and regulation of the conflict between Jordan and Israel. However, the controversies continue to exist due to the eccentric actions of each state and the inability to act in accordanc e with commonly accepted principles. In the end, it remains evident that the intervention of the United States of America and other countries in the flow of the events in the Middle East determined the development of the particular movements and coalitions to protect the rights of the population. In this case, the foreign involvement negatively affect the formation of the particular social groups. In conclusion, it is apparent that the issues, which are actively emphasized in the text, have a tendency to remain unsolved due to the focus on the other aspects of the countries and analysis of the social roles. It is evident that all countries have to contribute to finding the solution to the terrorism issue simultaneously due to the situation of high risk. Works Cited Al-Sabah, Meshal. Gender and Politics in Kuwait: Women and Political Participation in the Gulf. New York: I.B. Taurus Co Ltd, 2013. Print. Allison, Graham, Nicholas Burns, Ashraf Hegazy, Joseph Nye, and Stephen Walt 2011 . What Role Should the U.S. Play in Middle East. Web. Cockburn, Andrew, and Patrick Cockburn. Saddam Hussein: An American Obsession. London: Verso, 2001. Print. Kronish, Ron. â€Å"The Other Peace Process: Inter-Religious Dialogue in the Service of Peace in Israel and Palestine.† Palestine-Israel Journal of Politics, Economics, and Culture, 20/21.4/1 (2015): 88. Print. Laqueur, Walter. The New Terrorism: Fanaticism and the Arms of Mass Destruction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. Print. McConnell, Scott. â€Å"Obama Solves His Israel Problem (If Not Palestine’s).† The Washington Report on Middle East Affairs, 32.4 (2013): 10. This essay on The Main Turning Points in the Modern History of the Middle East and their Impact on the Region was written and submitted by user Paityn Cantu to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Branches of Government Essays - James Madison, United States

Branches of Government Essays - James Madison, United States Branches of Government Branches of Government Before the Constitution was written in 1787, it was inevitable that our nation was headed for failure. The United States government under the Articles of Confederation did not have enough power to control the states or the people; each state was governed by the states own Constitutions. Our nation was growing and a new form of national government was necessary to control the states, the people, and our nations already growing debts. During the Philadelphia convention, delegates formed a powerful government that still allowed states to control their people. Patterson (2009) describes a constitution as ?the fundamental law that defines how a government will legitimately operate ? the method for choosing its leaders, the institution through which these leaders will work, the procedures they must follow in making policy, and the powers they can lawfully exercise.? The United States Constitution defined how our new system of government would function, and this system is known as federalis m. To appease each states concern with possessing such a strong national government, our forefathers divided the government into three different branches ? legislative, judicial, and executive. This system of division is known as checks and balances. With this system of checks and balances, each branch would be able to oversee the other branches to ensure that each branch was complying with the constitution and that no branch would try to take over the country and form a monarchy (Perkel, n.d.). Having three branches of government could become confusing and difficult to control without implementing a set system on how each branch will operate and interact with each other. The Executive Branch of our government is overseen by the president of the United States. The president is the one who enforces the laws that the Legislative Branch makes (The Harry S. Truman Library and Museum, 2011). The Legislative branch of our government is also known as Congress. The Legislative branch (Congress) is divided into two parts, the Senate and the House of Representatives. Together, Congress creates our laws. The representatives are the people who meet to discuss if bills should become laws (The Harry S. Truman Library and Museum, 2011). The last branch of government to discuss is our Judicial Branch that is made up of the Supreme Court and nine Justices. The Supreme Court is the highest court in the United States. This branch of government includes ?special judges who interpret laws according to the Constitution? (The Harry S. Truman Library and Museum, 2011). This interpretation is known as judicial review, ?and it is how federal courts provide checks and balances on the legislative and executive branches? (USA.gov, 2011). There are also lower courts established in each state that hear cases that involve federal issues (The Harry S. Truman Library and Museum, 2011). One may question if this system of government is successful and if the branches power are balanced. Having three separate branches of government is a successful way to balance power. Dixon (2008) simply explains the system that our three branches have: ?One branch puts the idea out to get the idea signed. One makes sure that the job is going to get done, and the other enforces the decision on paper or in court for the ones who don?t agree.? Throughout the years since our Constitution was ratified, our government has had ups and downs. As the ?downs? come along, our government?s system ensures that these problems will be fixed. The problems are fixed not by one branch of government (which could be one sided), but by all three branches. But what about the power that each branch holds - are they really balanced? Whether a person is part of the Legislative, Judicial, or Executive Branch, there are certain powers that each branch of government can do. A member of the House of Representatives cannot walk in the Supreme Court and start making decisions. Same goes for the president, member s of the senate, and the justices ? they each have their own designated power. As easy as this balance of power sounds, there was undoubtedly some conflict between supporters of a strong federal government and champions of states? rights when the government was first formed. When the delegates were forming

Manufacturing proposals for gearbox and square Screw Research Proposal

Manufacturing proposals for gearbox and square Screw - Research Proposal Example In every research work there is a motivation behind it. The major motivation towards undertaking any research work is to find a solution to some unique and unanswered question. Addressing such question requires both explicit and implicit engagement into the field of study in order to elicit information that would in the end lead to the answer of that subject in question. Therefore the question this project is intended to answer is to develop a design of gearbox and square screw that can be used in the manufacture of pneumatic cowl actuator. The significance of this project is that it helps in developing a gearbox and a screw at a little cheaper and economically viable cost. This project will act as a partial fulfillment of my degree course requirements and also help towards improvements in the engineering industry and technology as a whole. The project is also meant to help in improving the aviation industry by helping produce cheaper and affordable aircraft parts. Several goals and set objectives are the driving force behind this research work. This is because there cannot be a journey without destination. The goals and objectives of this project is therefore, to the development of a square screw and gearbox, manufacture a cost-effective square screw and gearbox, to make a device that will make, to explore the field of engineering and aviation especially in the line of engine manufacturing, to assess the economic implications of developing an aircraft engine, to investigate the composition of an aircraft engine and to explore and understand the composition and components of a gearbox and square screw. Engineering and aviation industries have undergone several evolutionary developments since the invention of an aircraft several years ago. Operating the pneumatic cowl doors had been an uphill task due to lack of proper modernized ways of cowl actuation. This prompted the discovery of a control system that is electronic. The actuator is an embodiment that

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Deferent between men and women in media IN American culture - Essay Example For example, a woman might purchase a car because it shows a baby well placed and secure in it. Decision making during advertisements distinguishes men and women Men usually make decisions through an elimination process because they choose the aspects of advertisements that matter. Consequently, they usually eliminate aspects that are non-beneficial and unlikely to affect how they view products. For example, a man might purchase a Volkswagen Golf regardless of its small size because it has a powerful engine compared to most Toyotas. Women make decisions after comprehensively examining the various variables and attributes. For example, a woman’s choice to purchase a Volkswagen Golf will be dependent on the size, engine capacity, face value and cost. It is crucial to acknowledge that gender identification, advertising and decision-making usually distinguish men and women. It determines their attitude and outlook towards advertisement. It also determines their perception and ability to

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What are the pros and cons of the rise of networks - Essay Example To put it simple, â€Å"a network society is a society whose social structure is made of networks powered by microelectronics-based information and communication technologies.† In this definition, it is evident that network as an essential part of social structure has a two-fold basis for its functioning. In this context, it is necessary to concentrate on the reasons of network to empower. In fact, this argumentation enables to comprehend the core contradiction that appears with the rise of networks. Among the key drivers towards the new network society, Castells (2010) mentions technological revolution, growing interdependence between contemporary economies.In other words, â€Å"social changes are as dramatic as the technological and economic processes of transformation†.In the case of technology, the very ability to analyze innovations in the close link with social movements rejects technological determinism. In particular, it is presented as a deeply rooted in the so cial fabric instance, which is a mirror of prevailing type of social and economic knowledge, organizational framework, and network disposition (Castells, 2010, p. 35). In the context of the latest technological revolution, Castells (2010) emphasizes the role of Silicon Valley in America as a precise driver of this significant change (p. 62). Moreover, he stresses on the genetic engineering as â€Å"they also refer to the decoding and recoding of the information of living matter†.

Characteristics Of Major Agro Ecological Zones Environmental Sciences Essay

Characteristics Of Major Agro Ecological Zones Environmental Sciences Essay Africa is a very large continent with extremely wide range of soils (Bationo et al., 2006). The soils range from shallow with meager life-sustaining capacities to deeply weathered profiles that recycle and support large biomass. In many parts of Africa, inappropriate land use, poor management and lack of inputs have led to soil erosion, salinization and loss of vegetation resulting in a decline of agricultural productivity (Bationo et al., 2006). In Africa and particularly Southern Africa, the most limiting factor to agricultural productivity is soil fertility (Ramaru et al., 2000). Soil fertility is defined as a condition of the soil that enables it to provide nutrients in adequate amounts and in proper balance for the growth of specified plants when other growth factors, such as light, water, temperature, and physical, chemical and biological conditions of soil, are favorable (van der Watt and van Rooyen, 1995). Large areas of sub-Saharan African (SSA) soils, in particular, are affected by various types of degradation, including fertility decline (FAO, 2001). Soil fertility decline is a deterioration of chemical, physical and biological soil properties. The main contributing processes, besides soil erosion, are: decline in organic matter and soil biological activity; degradation of soil structure and loss of other soil physical qualities; reduction in availability of major nutrients (N, P, K) and micro-nutrients; and increase in toxicity, due to acidification or pollution (FAO, 2001). Soils in most of SSA have inherently low fertility and do not receive adequate nutrient replenishment (FAO, 2001). The SSA has the lowest mineral fertilizer consumption, about 10 kg nutrients (N, P2O5, K2O)/ha per year, compared to the world average of 90 kg, 60 kg in the Near East and 130 kg/ha per year in Asia (Stoorvogel and Smaling, 1990). Agricultural growth in sub-Saharan African countries slightly increa sed over the past three decades, although not in line with the high population growth rate (FAO, 2001). Food production per capita in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has declined since the 1970s, in contrast with the increase in Asia and South America (Figure 1.1). Soil productivity in SSA is also constrained by aridity (low rainfall) and acidity (FAO, 2001) (Table 1.1). South Africa has to face high population growth, poverty, accelerated soil degradation and increasing pressure on land (FAO, 1999b) (Table 1.1). Depletion of soil fertility, along with the related problems of weeds, pests, and diseases, is a major biophysical cause of low per capita food production in Africa. This is the result of the breakdown of traditional practices and the low priority given by governments to the rural sector (Sanchez, 1997). The 1996 World Food Summit highlighted sub-Saharan Africa as the remaining region in the world with decreasing food production per capita (Figure 1.1). The worst levels of poverty and malnutrition in the world exist in this region (Sanchez et al., 1997). A team of scientists has identified declining soil fertility as the fundamental agronomic cause for declining food productivity in Africa. A Soil Fertility Initiative for Africa has been created by a group of international organizations including the World Bank, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), International Center for Research on Agroforestry (ICRAF), International Fertilizer Development Center (IFDC), International Fertiliz er Association (IFA), and International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). Table 1.1: Characteristics of major agro-ecological zones in Africa (FAO, 1986) Figure 1.1: Regional trends in food production per capita (FAO, Statistical Analysis Service, 2000) As the main source of economic activity in SSA is agricultural production, declining soil productivity means not only that less food can be grown but also that production of cash crops for export is endangered (FAO, 1999a). It is therefore essential that production and soils be managed in a sustainable way, so that the present generation is fed and soil conditions are improved to support future generations. The Republic of South Africa covers an area of 121, 9 million ha and has a total population of about 46,6 million people (NDA, 2007). Approximately 83 % of agricultural land in South Africa is used for grazing, while 17 % is cultivated for cash crops. Forestry comprises less than 2 % of the land and approximately 12 % is reserved for conservation purposes (NDA, 2007, Land Type Survey Staff, 1972-2002 Land Type Survey Staff, 1972-2006). Land used for agriculture comprises 81% of the countrys total area, while natural areas account for about 9% (Abstract, 2005). High-potential arable land comprises only 22 % of the total arable land and only about 13 % of South Africas surface area can be used for crop production (NDA, 2007). Slightly more than 1,3 million ha of land is under irrigation. Rainfall is distributed unevenly across the country, with humid, subtropical conditions occurring in the east and dry, desert conditions in the west (NDA, 2007). The most important factor that limits agricultural production is the non-availability of water. Almost 50 % of South Africas water is used for agricultural purposes. Areas of moderate to high arable potential occur mainly in the eastern part of the country, in Mpumalanga and Gauteng provinces (Figure 1.2). Scattered patches also occur in KwaZulu-Natal, Eastern Cape and Limpopo provinces. Low to marginal potential areas occur in the eastern half of the country and in parts of the Western Cape. Map in Figure 1 shows large areas in the drier parts of South Africa (e.g. south-western Free State; western parts of the Eastern Cape and the North West Province) that are being cultivated, but which are not classified as having any potential for arable agriculture. Repeated crop failure and subsequent abandonment of these less than marginal lands can have important consequences for soil erosion and land degradation in general (Hoffman, M.T. A. Ashwell, 2001). Figure 1.2: The distribution of arable potential land in South Africa (ARC ISCW, 2002). Soil fertility challenges coupled with shortages of rainfall could result in a compounded problem of food shortage and famine. For soil fertility to be sustained, extracted soil nutrients must equal replenished soil nutrients, but in large areas of Africa and other parts of the world, more soil nutrients are extracted than replenished (Ndala and Mabuza, 2006). There is therefore global concern of fertility management especially with the recent increases in food prices. Soil fertility and its management thus have continued to play an important role in farm productivity. Farmers, their advisors, and any growers need to be knowledgeable of the soil properties which have an influence on soil fertility, some of which include soil texture, structure, organic matter, cation exchange capacity, base saturation, bulk density and pH. These properties also have an influence in determining land capability for agriculture as they are also key indicators for soil quality. Although significant progress has been made in research in developing methodologies and technologies for combating soil fertility depletion, the low adoption rate is a reason for the large difference between farmers yields and potential yields (Bationo et al., 2006). This study thus aims to determine the influence of soil physico-chemistry and clay fraction mineralogy on the fertility status of selected potential uncultivated arable soils of University of Limpopo Experimental farm (Syferkuil) in Limpopo Province. This will encourage expansion of arable agriculture in the area to improve the livelihoods in terms of alleviating food insecurity and poverty. PROBLEM STATEMENT When assessing land for agricultural capabilities, attributes such as slope, stoniness and thickness of the soil stratum are taken into consideration. Soil physico-chemical and soil clay mineralogical properties are often overlooked. Ekosse et al. (2011) showed that these soil physico-chemical and clay mineralogical properties and their compositions play a significant role in suitability of land for arable agriculture. Information on the mineralogy and nutrient status of uncultivated soils in Limpopo Province is lacking, especially of soils found in the communal areas where smallholder agriculture is practiced. Such information is crucial for any strategy that seeks to increase and improve the productivity of cropped or potential arable agricultural land. One important prerequisite of food security is access to land, as more people need to produce their food supplies and make a living from the land. Traditional land management systems are dependent on the availability of sufficient land to allow long fallow periods to maintain soil fertility. When there is no more access to new land, the fallow land has to be used and soil fertility falls. More intensive use of the land also implies that it becomes more prone to soil erosion. To maintain and raise its productivity, new sustainable management measures have to be introduced. As the main source of economic activity in Limpopo Province besides mining is the agricultural production, declining soil productivity not only means less crops is grown but also that, production of cash crops and income are endangered. Vast majority of South Africans, particularly Limpopo residents, buy their staple food from commercial suppliers, rather than growing them themselves (Statistics South Africa, 2009). Rising food prices, particularly of maize and wheat which are the staple diet of the poor in South Africa, pose serious problems for the urban and rural poor as most are net buyers rather than growers of their staple food. Recent information from the Food and Agricultural Organisation (2009) and Heady Fan (2008) suggest that food prices will increase steadily over the next decade even if there are some fluctuations and the occasional drop in prices (Evans, 2009). This therefore poses the need for more expansion of arable land for agriculture so as to improve livelihoods of the poor households. Population pressure and urban expansion seem to be causing the loss of high potential agricultural lands. Hence food demand is rising which leads to food insecurity, thus extension of arable agricultural lands would highly be required. In a recent study, Van Averbeke and Khosa (2007) reported that while income is the most important determinant of household food security in some areas around Limpopo Province, food obtained from various types of dry-land agriculture contributed significantly to household nutrition. They argue that without farming the food security of these households would be reduced, especially for the ultra-poor. The land is used beyond its capability, the type of usage would not be sustainable and the land degradation would result. Equally important is the fact that if land is used below its true capability then the full economic potential of the use of the land would not be realized. Although little production increase has taken place at the Experimental farm (Syferkuil farm), which has been obtained by cultivation of poor and marginal lands, the productivity of most existing lands has been ignored. With population continuing to increase in the area and the country as a whole, the need to take note of the fallow or abundant lands on the farm has become more important. Improving soil fertility could trigger rural and national economic development, achieve long-term food security and improve farmers standards of living, while mitigating environmental and rural migration. Thus, rectifying land degradation and enhancing productivity through appropriate soil management and conservation can play a major role in achieving farm household food security and agricultural development in the area. This research will therefore contribute to the existing database on the physico-chemistry and mineralogy of agricultural soils of Limpopo Province, particularly those at Syferkuil farm. It will also assist farmers and individuals around the area with information and awareness on the fertility status and capability of the soils in their community, so they can initiate agricultural activities on those lands which are left fallow or abundant. 1.3. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study is to determine the soil physico-chemistry, clay mineralogy and fertility status of selected uncultivated arable soils within the University Of Limpopo Experimental Farm Of Capricorn District in Limpopo Province, with the view of identifying additional potential arable lands for agriculture in the region. 1.4. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY To determine physico-chemical properties of selected uncultivated and cultivated soils on the farm and their influence on soil fertility. To determine the clay mineralogical composition of the selected uncultivated and cultivated soils on the farm and their influence on soil fertility. To determine the chemistry of the selected uncultivated and cultivated soils on the farm and their influence on soil fertility. To determine the fertility index of the selected uncultivated and cultivated soils on farm and their influence on soil fertility. To uncover and understand the role of soil physico-chemical and clay mineralogical properties influencing the fertility of the selected soils on the farm. RESEARCH QUESTIONS These questions will assist in attaining the objectives of the study: What are the physico-chemical properties of the selected soils? What is the clay mineralogical composition of the selected soils? What is the chemical composition of the selected soils? What is the fertility index of the selected soils? Do the soil physico-chemical and clay mineralogical properties affect the fertility status of the selected soils on the farm for sustainable agriculture? HYPOTHESES This research will be guided by the following hypotheses: Most potential uncultivated arable lands on the farm could be used to expand and improve agricultural yields. Soil physico-chemical and clay mineralogical properties with their influence on soil fertility are key indicators for sustainable agriculture. 1.7. RATIONALE OF THE STUDY South Africa has a wide range of soils of different physico-chemical and clay mineralogical composition. Limpopo Province alone has a diversity of soils and climatic conditions permitting a variety of different forms of agriculture, (White Paper on Agriculture, 1995). In support of food security and self preservation, it is now strategically important for any area to have available information on the relative suitabilities of their soils for agriculture, so that preference may be given for the land more suitable for agriculture. In this process, it is important to know the relative quality of the land so that its use can be regulated in accordance with the suitability of the particular soils. Local farmers have always relied on the agricultural research output and extension from Syferkuil experimental farm since their climate, and the soils they farm on developed from the same parent material as the ones at Syferkuil. The surrounding farm community and authorities of the area, will therefore benefit from this study by obtaining information on the physico-chemistry and clay mineralogy of their soils as well as the soils relative suitability for agriculture. Economically, capability classification of the soils in Mankweng area can assist in encouraging the authorities toward initiation of the various farming systems on the identified potential arable lands. In this way individual soils could be best utilized for the types of agricultural production for which they are best and most economically suited. 1.8. STUDY AREA The location, topography, climate, vegetation, soils, geology and hydrology of the area are briefly described below in the subsequent subsections. 1.8.1. Location of the study area Limpopo is South Africas northernmost province, lying within the great curve of the Limpopo River. The province borders the countries of Botswana to the west, Zimbabwe to the north and Mozambique and Swaziland to the east as shown in Figure 1.3 (DBSA, 1998). Limpopo Province is divided into five Municipal districts (Figure 1.3): Capricorn, Mopani, Sekhukhune, Vhembe and Waterberg , which are further divided into 24 local Municipalities (Limpopo Province Natural Resource Maps, 2003). The Province occupies a total surface area of 125  755 km2, about 10.3% of South Africas land area (Limpopo Province Natural Resource Map, 2003).The population is about 5 355  172 which is 11.3% of South African population (Statistics SA, 2003). Syferkuil is the experimental farm of the University of Limpopo (23o49 S; 29o41 E) situated in the Mankweng area, in Capricorn district municipality, South Africa. The farm is 1 650 ha in size (Moshia et al., 2008). Syferkuil experimental farm, for almost 39 years now (Moshia et al., 2008) has served as the main centre of University of Limpopos horticultural, agronomic, and animal production researches, on which both undergraduate and graduate student researches along with hands-on trainings are conducted. The farm is bordered by five populated rural farming communities which are Mamotintane, Ga-Makanye, Ga-Thoka, Solomondale and Mankweng. On this farm, about 25 ha are currently allocated for rain fed crops, 80 ha for irrigated crops, and 40 ha are used for rotation of winter and summer crops. The 80 ha irrigated crops are served by an automated linear move irrigation system (Moshia, 2008). Figure 1.3: Locality Map of the study area Figure 1.4: A scale aerial photograph map (scaled 1: 10 000) of University of Limpopo (Syferkuil)s experimental farm (Moshia et al., 2008) 1.8.2. Land-Use of the study area Limpopo Province constitute a total of 12.3 million hectares land, out of which about 9.24 million ha. is utilized as farmland (LDA, 2002). This 9.24 million hectares of farmland nearly 0.93 million ha. of it is utilized as arable land, 6.68 million ha. as natural grazing, 1.7 million ha. For nature conservation, 0.1 million ha for forestry and for other purposes. Seventy six percent of the arable Land is allocated to dry land (0.7 million ha) cultivation and only 0.223 million ha for irrigation systems. 1.8.3. Geology of the study area The geology of Limpopo is complex and diverse; it varies from Palaeo-Archaean mafic, ultramafic and felsic extrusives to Mesozoic sedimentary rocks and flood basalts (RSA Geological Map series, 1984). The rock formations in the Province can be considered in four main divisions based on time and general homogeneity namely: the Archaean, generally known as the Basal or Fundamental Complex; the Pre-Cambrian, or Algonkian Systems; the Palaeozoic, pre-Karoo Formations; the Mesozoic and the Karoo System. The topography of the region varies from relatively flat areas to mountainous terrain (Barker et al., 2006). Limpopo is rich in minerals with economic value (White Paper on Agriculture, 1995). Predominant minerals in the eastern part of Limpopo include platinum and its group metals, chrome, copper, phosphate and andalusite. The Western side is characterised by platinum, granite, and coal minerals, while diamonds, coal, magnesite, and traces of granite dominate the Northern part of the Province. Mineral resources that are currently being mined in the province are Andalusite, Antinomy, calcite, chrome, clay, coal, copper, diamonds, emeralds, feldspar, fluorspar, gold, granite, limestone, magnesite, manganese, ornamental stone-Slate, phosphate, platinum, salt, sand stone, silica and zinc (Dramstad et al., 1996). 1.8.4. Climate of the study area Limpopo falls in the summer rainfall region with the western part of the Province being semi-arid, and the eastern part largely sub-tropical, (Limpopo Province Natural Resource Maps, 2003). The western and far northern parts of the Province experience frequent droughts. Winter throughout Limpopo is mild and mostly frost-free. The average annual temperatures for the southern to central plateau areas of the province is generally below 20oC; in the Lowveld and northern parts average annual temperatures are above 20oC. The province receives summer rainfall between October and March peaking in January. The mean annual precipitation ranges between 380mm in the North and just over 700mm in parts of the Waterberg (Koch, 2005). The climate of the study site is classified as semi-arid with the annual precipitation of roughly  ±495 mm per annum. The mean annual temperature of 25 ±1oC (max) and 10 ±1oC (min) was common during the years of study. Annually, the farm averages 170 frost-free days extending from late October to mid April. Figure 1.5: Monthly average rainfall as recorded in the Limpopo Province (LDA, 2002) Rainfall data (figure 1.5) indicating that most rainfall occurs between November and March, ranging between 80 mm and 130mm. It should, however, be noted that these figures indicate an average rainfall and lower rainfall can be expected in most districts. 1.8.5. Soils of the study area There are wide varieties of soils that occur in the Province, tending to be sandy in the west, but with more clay content toward the east, (Limpopo Province Natural Resource Maps, 2003). The soils are differentiated based on depth, the nature of diagnostic horizons and parent materials, (FAO, 1999). Those soils are mainly developed on basalt, sandstone and biotite gneiss and are generally of low inherent soil fertility (FAO, 1999). Limpopo Province has diverse soils, however, five major soil associations have been identified, (FAO, 1999): of which Dystrophic, red and yellow, well drained clayed soils are highly leached, clay-like, acidic soils found in the high rainfall areas of Drakensberg and Soutpansberg range. They are rocky, found on steep slopes and are of low fertility. As such, they generally have limited value as arable land but are suitable for afforestation. Red, yellow and grey soils in caternary association are sandy and loamy soils in the 300-600 mm rainfall belt in the western and northwestern part of the Province. They are suitable for arable farming, but generally occur in the low rainfall areas west and north of Thabazimbi, Vaalwater, Lephalale and Polokwane. Black and red clay soils have with varying amounts of rock and lithosol, found in a narrow strip parallel to the eastern border, the Springbok Flats (Settlers and Roedtan) and the southwestern boundary near Dwaalpooort and Derdepoort. Alt hough highly erodible, they are utilized extensively for dryland crops such as cotton and winter cereals. Duplex and paraduplex soils are characterized by topsoil that is distinct from sub-soil with regard to texture, structure and consistency. Major occurrences are in Sekhukhune, south to southwest of Lephalale in Waterberg district, between Louis Trichardt and Tshipise, and sections of Vhembe District near the eastern border. They are generally not utilized as arable land due to high erodibility. Poorly developed soils on rock consist of topsoil overlying rock or weathered rock. They are found to the east of the Drakensberg, including a large section of Mopani District, and east and west of Musina. They tend to be rocky, with shallow soils and therefore generally unsuitable for arable farming. Black and red, fertile clay soils occur on the Springbok Flats, with reddish brown sandy loam to the Northern and Western part of the province, (FAO, 1999). The mountains have deeper, highly leached red soils in wetter areas, with more exposed rock where it is also drier. Reddish brown, gravelly soils, which have a low fertility, predominate on the Lowveld, the best agricultural soils being alluvial soils adjacent to the rivers. The Province has a few high potential areas for dryland crop production and many opportunities for extensive ranching and irrigated fruit and crop production, (Limpopo Province Natural Resource Maps, 2003). 1.8.6. Vegetation of the study area The geographical location, rainfall patterns and varied physical and climatic conditions have given rise to diverse vegetation across the province. The vegetation found in the province have been classified into inland tropical forest; tropical bush and savannah; pure grassveld; and false grassveld types (Development Bank of South Africa, 1998). The inland tropical forests include the northeastern mountain sourveld and Lowveld sour Bushveld types. Tropical bush and savannah comprise the Lowveld, arid Lowveld, Springbok flats turf thornveld, other turf thornveld, arid sweet bushveld, mopani veld, mixed bushveld, sourish mixed bushveld and sour Bushveld types (Limpopo Province Natural Resource Maps, 2003). Pure grassveld types include the northeastern sandy Highveld types. The false grassveld types include the Polokwane plateau false grassveld. 1.8.7. Topography of the study area Limpopo Province has diverse topographic features. In the east is the flat to gently undulating Lowveld plain, at an altitude of 300 to 600 m, bounded in the west by the Northern Drakensberg escarpment and Soutpansberg, with steep slopes and peaks up to the 2000m (LDA, 2002). The almost level Springbok flats in the South lie at an altitude of 900 m, while the Waterberg and Blouberg to the North, with undulating to very steep terrain, reach 2 000 m. The North- Western zone is a flat to undulating plain, which slopes down to the north and west at 800 to 1 000 m. 1.8.8. Hydrology/Water Resources of the study area The Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (DWAF) classifies South Africa as a water-stressed country, prone to erratic and unpredictable extremes such as floods and droughts that reduce land to a dry and arid wasteland (Water Research Commission, 2002). Water resources in South Africa are limited making them critically important for the sustainable economic and social development of the country (Dennis and Nell, 2002). This is one of the reasons why it is important to protect the scarce water resources of the country. Rivers are the main source of water for the country. In the Limpopo Province, there are Four Management Areas namely: Limpopo; Luvubu Letaba; Krokodil Wee Merico and Olifants (NDA, 2000). Applied research on irrigation and fertilizer methods are practiced on the research plots on the farm. There are two 10-ha plots fitted with separate irrigation systems used by researchers and students for research on field crops. 1.8.9. Agricultural activities of the study area The agricultural sector in the province is divided into three broad sub-sectors namely commercial farms, emerging commercial farms and subsistence farms, (Development Bank of South Africa, 1998). The commercial farms fall in the larger farm size category, emerging commercial farms in the medium size and subsistence farms in the smallest size (LDA, 2002). The emerging and subsistence farms are collectively called small-scale farms which are mostly located in the former homelands. The varied climates of Limpopo Province allows it to produce a wide variety of agricultural produce ranging from tropical fruits such as banana, mangoes to cereals such as maize, wheat and vegetables such as tomatoes, onion and potatoes (NDA, 2001). Limpopo Province has large area of land suitable for dry-land production (LDA, 2002). Maize is the staple food of majority of people in Limpopo Province and is largely grown by the different categories of farmers both for household, industrial and animal consumption. On the basis of area and volume of production, it remains the most important cereal grain produced in the Province despite the dry and drought prone agro-ecology of much of the region (LDA, 2002). Climatic variation could lead to variations in maize yields. As a staple food in the Province, maize has a large and stable market and is the most important agricultural product in South Africa (NDA, 2001). 1.9. Summary of chapter The chapter has clearly provided the background of the study outlining the general concept of clay mineral and their influence on soil fertility for crop production. It has also outlined the aims, objectives, research questions, problem statement, rationale and hypothesis of the research project. The map of the study site illustrating the location of the site in Capricorn district municipality and the suitability map of the study site has been provided. The geology, mineralogy, climate, soils and agricultural activities of the study site have also been outlined. The soil physico-chemical and clay mineralogical properties are reviewed in the subsequent chapter.

Tennysons In Memoriam Essay -- Tennyson Elogy Memoriam Essays

Tennyson's In Memoriam In Memoriam is an elegy to Tennyson's friend Arthur Hallam, but bears the hallmark of its mid nineteenth century context, 'the locus classicus of the science-and-religion debate.'Upon reflection, Hallam's tragic death has proved to be an event that provoked Tennyson's embarkation upon a much more ambitious poetic project than conventional Miltonian elegy, involving meditation upon the profoundest questions faced by mankind. Scientific advancements, most notably in the fields of geology and biology, challenged the beliefs that form the foundation of Christianity: the belief in a beneficent God responsible for creation and ensuing superintendence and the belief in man's immortal soul. By the mid nineteenth century apologist arguments such as those of William Paley could no longer convincingly reconcile science and faith. In Memoriam stands as a work that truly represents the anxieties within the Victorian mind. Queen Victoria once remarked that In Memoriam was her closest con solation, after the bible, following her husband's death. This essay charts the consoling properties of In Memoriam and interrogates the notion of Tennyson as a reinventor of faith for the troubling scientific age. There is a consensus among critics, such as Matthes and Willey, that Lyell?s Principles of Geology provoked much of Tennyson?s troubling religious doubts that were to be compounded when his dearest friend was robbed from him. Lyell made no explicit challenge to Christian scripture (and indeed made attempts in his work to ensure readers did not interpret his work as such), but his assertion that the Earth?s landscape was shaped by an extremely long and gradual process of weathering presupposed a much greater age for the Earth than was allowed for in biblical chronology. Essentially Lyell?s theories questioned the Christian belief in Divine creation of the Earth over a period of seven days. Lyell?s discussion of the discovery of fossilised remains of extinct animals was perhaps even more troubling because it questioned the existence of a beneficent providential power and the notion of divine superintendence. Principles of Geology was so earth-shattering because essentially it questione d the very validity of euthesitic belief, whether God really does have his eye cast on every sparrow that falls to earth. Brooke asserts that In Memoriam i... ...ress to God seems to a critical reader too much like a denial of deep seated doubts through religious immersion. In Memoriam demonstrates Tennyson?s masterful handle of language to create a fitting tribute to his deceased friend, but his genius lies in transcending this initial subject matter to embrace one at the heart of the Victorian psyche- the challenge of scientific discoveries to deeply held Christian belief. He reinvents faith in the sense that he encourages a different angle to view it from, and encourage a holistic approach to the study of nature in which scientific and religious approaches are not mutually exclusive. Bibliography Baldick, Chris: The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Literary Terms (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001) Brooke, Stopford A: Tennyson: His Art and Relation to Modern Life (London: Ibister and Company Limited, 1894) Hunt, John (ed.) Tennyson: In Memoriam: A casebook (London: Macmillan, 1970) Mattes, Eleanor Bustin: In Memoriam: The Way of a Soul (New York: Exposition Press, 1951) Moi, Torl: Sexual Textual Politics (London: Routledge, 1995) Willey, Basil: More Nineteenth Century Studies (London: Chatto and Windus, 1956)

Negative Impacts of Disney Speech

A word that connotes childhood enjoyment, its messages of love and happiness influencing us for the better. This is exactly what Disney would like us to believe. Despite what they say, there is a sinister side to this innocence. Its messages have been corrupting our poor, unsuspecting children. How beauty is imperative in order to succeed in life; how only the beautiful can achieve their own ‘happy ending; how people who are less than ‘perfect' are dark and evil.How can anyone truly feel comfortable with themselves, when such horrifying messages have subconsciously consumed our minds? We are all being duped, being influenced into worshipping Disney; what child in this world can claim not to have watched or heard of Disney? But this corruption does not stop at DVDs. It continues to emerge in toys, clothes, furniture, even technology. It has taken over our lives.Young children are being preyed upon by scavenging eagles rampaging for money from our naive purses; Disneys annu al revenue for 2012 was $45 billion, insinuating how much a childhood depends on Disney's merchandise. With intellect such as yourselves, you must see the ulterior motives of Disney, but ost importantly, the detrimental effects this is having on our young children. Prejudice and sexist views are being embedded into the innocent minds of today, continuously influencing their thoughts and processes.Does this seem fair to you? To allow this company the right to poison young, ignorant minds is revolting. The protagonist from the childhood classic ‘Cinderella', for example, is subliminally portrayed to have a lack of independence and aspirations for her life. According to Cinderella's creators, a women's main duty is to slave for people of higher class by erforming derogatory tasks. However can we expect sexist views to disappear when they are being promoted through children's television.When she at last breaks free of this ridiculous stereotype, she is not saved by her own perseve rance and determination, but rather by impressing a wealthy prince with her looks. Even for this she must be beautiful and ‘perfect'- not in her usual attire of maid's clothes! Girls are being taught that masquerading their true identity is necessary for a better life. And people wonder why women from a young age overuse makeup. Young children are eing taught that a piece of cloth will make all their problems disappear. Does this sound like a fair representation of life to you?How can we expect to produce hardworking, independent women if they are constantly reminded that ‘looking nice' is all that matters? Disney always plays to the same stereotype: the beautiful woman has to be saved by ‘prince charming for her life to get better. Does this seem realistic to you? Does this seem like a world striving for equality? The hypocrisy is sickening. Self-consciousness is also promoted by Disney's ‘princesses', which can lead to erious repercussions such as depressio n and eating-related disorders.From such a young age it is embedded into our minds that a sizeO body is needed to achieve happiness. How can the constant hopelessness felt by impressionable teenagers of pin-sized and hair not thick and glossy. What does this say about Disney: delusional, thoughtless and sexist. Stop this disgusting behavior on Disney's part now! Speak up and protect the children of the world from untrue stereotypes and plastic idols. As long as you speak up, we can abolish these sickening pressures put upon young women.

Why Should Attendance Be Required in Cpllege

Williams, De’Quesha Essay 2 November 22, 2010 Why Should Attendance Be Required in College? Thesis; Attendance in college should be required because attendance is important. First, the president should require attendance in college classes because, people do not come to class and the people are receiving financial aid. Second, the president should require attendance in college classes because; the people will not know who is on campus. 3.Finally, the president should require attendance in college classes because; the students will be asking about their grades and the people will not even know the students name. Conclusion: All the statements above are why attendance should be required in college classes. Williams 2 How would you feel if you went to class everyday and did not get your financial aid like you was suppose to? That is because; role is not being taken in the classrooms. People that do not come to class are receiving financial aid. That is not fair to the people that comes to class everyday.Attendance should be requires so, that people that come to class like they should gets everything that they need. Next, attendance is important. The people that are coming to class like they should has not received their financial because; the person over financial aid says that they have been missing class. The people have been coming to class to receive their financial aid. That mistake happened because; the people are not taking role. So mistakes will not happen like this again the president should require attendance in college classes.Furthermore, the president should require attendance because; the people will not know who is on campus. It could be a murder on campus. It could be anyone that is not suppose to be on campus. Taking attendance will let everyone know who is suppose to be on campus. Then, which classes the students are suppose to be in. Moreover, the students will be asking about their grades. Then, the people would not know what to tell the students because; the people do not know the students name.Even if the students told the people their names they still will have to go by the role. To avoid problems the president should require attendance in college classes. If attendance is required the people will know which students are asking about their grades. Overall, the president should require attendance in college classes because; it is important to have attendance. The president will not know who is on campus if the president is not requiring attendance. Attendance should be required in college classes because; there are a lot of activities that happens on campus.

School Ties - The Code Of Honor Essays - Codes Of Conduct

School Ties - The Code Of Honor Essays - Codes Of Conduct School Ties - The Code Of Honor The Code of Honor Honesty, respect, accountability, these are all words the honor code stands by, its a foundation on which academic integrity abides, and a line drawn between whats right and wrong. The honor code in the movie School Ties meant more than just a signature one signed, it was a living entity, a guideline the school swore by, and those that broke the code met with the consequences. It is the students responsibility, not the teachers, to uphold St. Matthews honor code, said the headmaster as he addressed the students gathered in the chapel for mass at St. Matthews. The headmaster understood the relevance of the code, and that the power was vested in the students to make it work for the entire student body. Another example of the honor code was when the history teacher addressed the class by asking the students to discuss among themselves who cheated on the recent test. He went on to strongly urged the class that overlooking the incident would be robbing them of the honor code. At the end of the movie the main character, David Green, takes the fall for Charles Dillon, the student who cheated. However, the headmaster finds out the truth from the prefect, Rip, and Dillon is expelled from school. As David leaves the headmasters office, the teacher reminds him, The honor code is a living thing, it cant live in a vacuum. St. Matthews knew how to fill the vacuum, but i t was the students that lived it. A life not set by rules or regulations, but an internal drumbeat, marching to the beat of its own, honesty. I have sincere doubts about the usefulness and the meaningfulness of the honor code, because addressing cheating requires more than just the honor code alone. Cheating is a problem in part because of the enormous pressure put on students by a schools high-strung atmosphere to achieve. I think students feel that in order to survive, they must take advantage of the gray areas of being honest, often stretching the limits as to cheating and using someone elses work. Therefore, any honor code implemented in such an environment will result in students changing cheating techniques to work around the code. I feel the best way to deal with this problem is to make students fully aware that cheating is unprofitable and nothing good come of it. Ultimately, the honor code works because it is fully enforced by the students themselves. As Mencken once said, For every complex problem there is a simple solution and it is wrong. Solving the issue of dishonesty requires far more than just an honor cod e alone.

Healthcare Solutions Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Healthcare Solutions - Research Paper Example This ensures deep industry expertise is employed in delivering demonstrated benefits that include savings. Studies show that many benefits that associate with the involvement of a healthcare solutions company. This may include; deeper savings, this because a prospective kind of management that is employed through adoption of market leading technology (Plunkett, 2009). It is an efficient way that provides a single source of worker`s compensations including auto solutions in a more amicable way. This allows easy tracking of issues that may need urgent attention. It is the most essential way that serves to reduce administrative costs and time as it engages seamless customer service in its operations, a factor that is beneficial to both parties involved. However, there are that are associated with such healthcare solution companies despite many advantages involved with the healthcare solution services. It is with this point that the problems need to be discussed to in a bit to find ways of implementing improvements to better service provision. According to studies, innovations in healthcare solution provision are associated with many difficulties. It is revealed that the process of packaging and delivering healthcare solutions is in efficient and consumer unfriendly in the United States. Many of the problems however, range from soaring cost of health care, many medical errors. This problems needs to be fixed through innovation in all aspects of health care solution provision. However, their various issues or problems associated with innovation that hinders the whole process. There are hindering forces that inhibit innovation; the health care sector comprises of many stakeholders with different interests and agendas. Because of subst antial powers and resources that such players may have, they may use the resources and power to influence public policies through direct or indirect attack against innovators. For instance, many a times, doctors

Ethical Issues of Abortion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ethical Issues of Abortion - Essay Example In Junes case, it is warranted to argue that she is selfish and minds herself than her baby. She does not consider the fact that the baby boy may be an exceptional case, and not succumb to the disease. Her egoist behaviors take the better part of her choices to abort the fetus and not letting nature take its course. Ann’s case is simply wrong, since all babies are equal despite the gender. In each case, the consequences of the abortion determine the fate of the women (Mackinnon, 2011). In both cases, the baby may be hurt or the mother may die. However, in the case June, she may end up bringing a child in very tough conditions of sickness, whilst Ann may bring up the child failure to abortion. This is a negative impact on the mother. Despite the conflict in opinions, the act is simply wrong according to utilitarianism (Mackinnon, 2011). The Kantian reasoning might differ in evaluating each woman’s decision since the fetus is considered one with the inability to make decisions. In this case, June’s baby may be at risk; thus, abortion may be justified on the health of the baby, whilst in Ann’s case, abortion may be justified on the grounds of the mother’s security and ability to bring up the child single